| The Issue
Genetically Modified (GM) rice technologies developed for Asia have the potential to increase food production, to boost incomes, and to improve peoples’ nutritional status. However, in several Asian countries -- the Philippines in particular -- there has been strong opposition to GM technologies on the part of certain non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Their stance against these technologies has stirred public sentiment, and instilled fear in the minds of many farmers and consumers.
Rice scientists hope that educating the public with accurate information about biotechnology will promote a balanced view of new GM rice varieties and engender consumer acceptance.  Because key people in research institutions, universities, the media, religious groups, farmer groups, and other private and public organizations help shape public opinion, it is important to assess their level of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward rice biotechnology.
Method
A nationwide sample of key stakeholders from various sectors of society was drawn, based on individuals’ roles in national agricultural debates, and on their influence in shaping public opinion. Sampled stakeholders included university presidents and professors; policymakers at government institutions responsible for agriculture, environment, health, trade, and science and technology. The sample also included representatives from research institutions, multinational companies, NGOs, farmer organizations, religious groups, the media, legislators, college students, public officials, and agriculturists.
A survey questionnaire was used to gauge public knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward rice biotechnology research in the Philippines. Knowledge and perceptions about the Green Revolution (GR) were also assessed for their potential as determinants of attitudes and perceptions about rice biotechnology. Many of the surveys were mailed or hand delivered to respondents, while other questionnaires were filled out during face-to-face interviews. In addition, college students completed the questionnaire during a series of focus group sessions about rice biotechnology. These focus groups were designed to inform the students about the process and potential benefits of rice biotechnology research.
Survey respondents were categorized into three groups based on their perceptions of biotechnology. A biotechnology “favorable” group consisted of respondents from research institutions, agriculture students, farmers, policymakers, and multinational companies. A more neutral group was comprised of faculty, non-agriculture students, religious groups, media, farmer groups, and politicians. A group generally opposed to biotechnology consisted of representatives from local NGOs.
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(Photos courtesy of IRRI photo bank)
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